For centuries, New York had been a haven of crime. A thief or murderer not caught in the act nearly always got away. But in the early 1870s, an Irish cop named Thomas Byrnes developed new ways to catch criminals. Mugs shots and daily lineups helped witnesses point out culprits; the famed rogues' gallery allowed police to track repeat offenders. Byrnes worked cases methodically, interviewing witnesses, analyzing crime scenes, and developing theories that helped close the books on previously-unsolvable crimes. Yet as policing became ever more specialized and efficient, crime itself began to change. Robberies became bolder and more elaborate, murders grew more ruthless and macabre, and the street gangs of old transformed into hierarchal criminal enterprises, giving birth to organized crime, including the Mafia. As the decades unfolded, cops and criminals at times blurred together, giving way to waves of police reform at the hands of men like Theodore Roosevelt. Rogues' Gallery is a sweeping, epic tale of two revolutions, one feeding off the other, which played out on the streets of New York City during the Gilded Age.